Research Paper Volume 11, Issue 13 pp 4354—4366

Ammonia induces calpain-dependent cleavage of CRMP-2 during neurite degeneration in primary cultured neurons

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Figure 2. Ammonia treatment induces locally upregulation of calcium concentration. (A) For intracellular calcium staining, 2 μM calcein-AM or 2 μM Fluo-4 were added to culture medium for 30 min before image capture. Quantitative data of number of calcein puncta (B) or Fluo-4 sparks (C) indicate high concentrations of calcium. Data are means ± SEs from at least three independent experiments; * p < 0.05 vs. Ctrl. Scale bar, 20 μm.