Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 8 pp 7030—7041

Figure 2. TGF-β signaling is elevated during the chondrogenic differentiation stage during HO development. (A–C) The immunohistological staining of CD68⁺ cells (brown). (D–H) The immunohistological staining of TGF-β1⁺ cells (brown). (I–K) The immunohistological staining of phosphorylated Smad2/3⁺ cells (brown). *p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA test.