Review Volume 14, Issue 3 pp 1562—1588
The neuroprotective effects of icariin on ageing, various neurological, neuropsychiatric disorders, and brain injury induced by radiation exposure
Figure 4. The molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of icariin. Icariin improves neuronal autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway; It attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting TAK1/IKK/NF-κB and HMGB1/RAGE pathways; It reduces neuronal apoptosis by suppression of PERK/eIF2α, JNK/p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways.