Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 10 pp 4096—4107

Figure 8. Schematic illustration of cadmium-induced more formation of autophagosomes and autolysosome that causes reduction of MVBs pathway through over activation of autophagic pathway, and spermatozoa were deprived of getting the immunological support and protection from exosomal-MVBs secretion, which leads to the destruction of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis.