Research Paper Volume 14, Issue 22 pp 9210—9220

Resident intruder paradigm-induced PMDD rat model of premenstrual irritability: behavioral phenotypes, drug intervention, and biomarkers

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Figure 1. Behavioral characteristics of PMDD model rats and their estrous cycle dependence identification. (E) M, D1, and D2 represent the four stages of rats’ estrus. (A, D, G, J, and M) are behavioral characteristics of PMDD model rats under the state of the estrous cycle. (B, E, H, K, and N) are the behavioral characteristics of PMDD model rats losing estrous cycle after ovariectomy. (C, F, I, L, and O) are the behavioral characteristics of PMDD model rats after artificially induced estrous cycle recovery. (A) Reveals the score of mixed attacks before ovariectomy. (B) Shows the score of mixed attacks after ovariectomy. (C) Displays the score of mixed attacks after hormone induction. (D) Displays the percentage of the number of times to enter the open arm before ovariectomy; (E) Shows the percentage of the number of times entering the open arm after ovariectomy. (F) Reveals the percentage of the number of times entering the open arm after hormone induction. (G) Reveals the percentage of stay time in the open arm before ovariectomy. (H) Displays the percentage of stay time in the open arm after ovariectomy. (I) Displays the percentage of retention time in the open arm after hormone induction. (J) Represents the total distance before ovariectomy. (K) Represents the total distance after ovariectomy. (L) Represents the total distance after hormone induction. (M) Represents the residence time in the central area before ovariectomy. (N) Represents the residence time in the central area after ovariectomy. (O) Represents the residence time of the central area after hormone induction, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.