Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 6 pp 5703—5710
M1 intestinal macrophages-derived exosomes promote colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury
Figure 1. M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages and characterization of exosomes. (A) CD9, CD81 were highly expressed in exosomes. (B–D) ELISA (n = 3). Inflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels of M1-Exo group increased relative to M0-Exo group. *P < 0.05 between two groups.