Editorial Volume 11, Issue 23 pp 10783—10785

Figure 1. Full length CX3CL1 containing a signal peptide sequence (grey), extracellular C-X-X-X-C domain (blue), and C-terminal fragment (CX3CL1-ct), which includes transmembrane domain (dark blue) and a short intracellular domain (purple, CX3CL1-ICD), released after cleavages by α-, β- and γ-secretases. Nuclear localization of CX3CL1-ICD triggers gene expression that may induce upregulation of survival genes, leading to increased adult neurogenesis, rescued neuronal loss and reduced amyloid deposition in 5xFAD mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.