Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 6 pp 5384—5398
N-Propargyl caffeate amide (PACA) prevents cardiac fibrosis in experimental myocardial infarction by promoting pro-resolving macrophage polarization
Figure 7. Potential mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities of PACA. PACA is oxidized to o-quinone, forms covalent conjugate with PPAR-γ and consequently activates PPAR-γ pathway. PPAR-γ activation promotes pro-resolving macrophage polarization, suppresses the expression of TGF-β1, PDGF-a, and maintains the expression of MMPs. Ultimately, PACA attenuates the activation of cardiac fibroblast and the progression of cardiac fibrosis.