Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 20 pp 20753—20777
Substance P blocks ovariectomy-induced bone loss by modulating inflammation and potentiating stem cell function
Ovariectomy (OVX) decreases bone density. (A) Representative femoral microcomputed tomography (μCT) images from OVX rats in different time points. (B, C) Quantitative analyses of the trabecular bone fraction of femur from rats. (D) Masson’s Trichrome staining of distal femoral metaphysis sections from rats after sham-operation and OVX. Scale bar: 200 μm. (E–G) Biochemical maker for bone loss were examined. OCN, CTX and OPG expression levels in serum were analyzed by ELISA. (H–I) Cholesterol and TG levels in blood were calculated by ELISA. BV: trabecular bone volume. TV: tissue volume. BS: bone surface. p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001). OCN: osteocalcin, CTX: collagen X, OPG: osteoprotegerin, TG: triglyceride. n = 12/group.