Cognitive frailty in relation to adverse health outcomes independent of multimorbidity: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Chen Chen; JuYoung Park; Chenkai Wu; QianLi Xue; George Agogo; Ling Han; Emiel O. Hoogendijk; Zuyun Liu; Zunyou Wu

doi:doi:10.18632/aging.104078

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Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 22 pp 23129—23145

Cognitive frailty in relation to adverse health outcomes independent of multimorbidity: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Figure 1. Flow chart of analytic sample. CHARLS, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; BADL, basic activity of daily living; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living.