Oxidative stress mediates age-related hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis through activating Akt and MAPK pathways

Hao-Chun Chuang; Kun-Ling Tsai; Kuen-Jer Tsai; Ting-Yuan Tu; Yan-Jye Shyong; I-Ming Jou; Che-Chia Hsu; Shu-Shien Shih; Yuan-Fu Liu; Cheng-Li Lin

doi:doi:10.18632/aging.104105

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Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 23 pp 24168—24183

Oxidative stress mediates age-related hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis through activating Akt and MAPK pathways

Figure 2. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense were present in the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. The ROS levels, inclusive of (A) Superoxide anion and (B) Hydrogen peroxide, were higher in the LSS group compared to the LDH group. The expressions of (C) Malondialdehyde (MDA) and (D) Nitrotyrosine, which are markers of damage from oxidative stress, were higher in the LSS group. Meanwhile, the expressions of (E) Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), (F) Glutathione (GSH), and (G) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were decreased in the LSS group. (n = 21 and 43, respectively; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared to the LDH group; the value was generated by unpaired t-test.) (The lanes on Figure 2E were run on the same gel but were noncontiguous.).