Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 13 pp 17407—17427

Antiparasitic mebendazole (MBZ) effectively overcomes cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways

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Figure 4. MBZ inhibits multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways in human CR ovarian cancer cells. (A) Effect of MBZ on the 12 cancer-associated pathways in CR human ovarian cancer cells. Subconfluent SKOV3CR cells were transfected with the Gaussia luciferase reporter plasmids for the 12 cancer-associated pathways. At 24 h post transfection, the cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MBZ for additional 48 h. The culture medium was collected for Gaussia luciferase assay using the Gaussia Luciferase Assay Kit (GeneCopoeia, Rockville, MD). Each assay condition was done in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with that of the cells treated with 0 μM MBZ (i.e., DMSO solvent control) group. (B) MBZ inhibits five cancer-related pathways in dose- and time-dependent manners. The selected five pathway reporter plasmids ELK/SRP (a), NFKB (b), MYC/MAX (c), and E2F/DP1 (d) were transfected into SKOV3CR cells as described in (A). The transfected cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of MBZ for 24 h or 48 h, followed by Gaussia Luciferase activity assays. Each assay condition was done in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with that of the cells treated with 0 μM MBZ (i.e., DMSO solvent control) group.