Figure 7.Schematic diagram showing the proposed mechanisms by which exosomal miR-486-5p derived from M2 macrophages regulates the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. miR-486-5p enrichment in M2D-Exos enhances the inhibitory effect on SMAD2, resulting in downregulation of the TGF-β signalling pathway and thereby accelerating bone remodelling.
