Figure 4. Effects of CPL on tryptophan metabolism in the colonic contents. (A) Composition of tryptophan metabolites. (B) Heatmap of tryptophan metabolites. (C) Concentration of indole-3-lactic acid. (D) Concentration of indoleacetic acid. (E) Concentration of 3-indolepropionic acid. (F) CPL affected indole pathway metabolism. n = 5 mice per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.