Research Paper Advance Articles

Figure 3. The causal relationship between purine nucleotides degradation II aerobic pathway and ApoM levels. The (A) shows the results of the main MR analysis between purine nucleotides degradation II aerobic pathway and ApoM protein. In the scatter plot, each dot is an IV and the x and y-axis represents the association coefficients with the exposure and outcome, respectively. The three lines represent the results of the three different MR tests, with the slope of the lines being equal to causal estimates of each test. The (B) follows the same definition of (A) but refers to results obtained using the GWAS data of the ApoM protein from Sun et al., 2018 (GCST90240318) as outcome. In the (C) the causal estimates from the leave-one-out analyses are shown and compared with the causal estimate from main analysis (red line). In the (D) we show the post-hoc power estimates at varying causal effect sizes for different studies of ApoM as outcome. The causal effect identified in the main analysis (β_c = −0.11) and corresponding power are highlighted in the curves. Abbreviations: ApoM: Apolipoprotein M; GWAS: genome-wide association study; IV: instrumental variable; MR: Mendelian Randomization; PWY.6353: purine nucleotides degradation II aerobic pathway; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.