Research Paper|Volume 10, Issue 6|pp 1356—1365

Aged cells in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise

Chi Yang¹, Ying Jiao², Bing Wei², Zeyi Yang², Jin-Fu Wu¹, Jorgen Jensen³, Wei-Horng Jean^1,⁴, Chih-Yang Huang^5,⁶, Chia-Hua Kuo¹

¹Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
²Competitor Institute of Sports Nutrition, Beijing, China
³Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway
⁴Department of Anesthesiology, Far East Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
⁵Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
⁶Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

* * Equal contribution

Received: April 11, 2018Accepted: June 7, 2018Published: June 27, 2018

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101472

Copyright: © 2018 Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

It remains unclear how exercise, as an entropic event, brings benefit against human aging. Here we examined longitudinal changes of p16^Ink4a+ senescent cells in skeletal muscle of young men (aged 22.5±1.7 y) before and after resistance exercise (0 h and 48 h) with multiple biopsies at two different protein availabilities: low protein (14%) and isocaloric high protein (44%) supplemented conditions. Immunohistochemistry analysis of muscle cross-sections using p16^Ink4a and CD34 antibodies confirmed that the detected senescent cells were endothelial progenitor cells. Leukocyte infiltration into skeletal muscle increased during resistance exercise. The senescent cells in muscle decreased (-48%, P < 0.01) after exercise for 48 h. Low protein supplementation resulted in greater infiltrations of both CD68⁺ phagocytic macrophage and leukocyte, further decreased p16^Ink4a+ senescent cells (-73%, P < 0.001), and delayed increases in regenerative CD163⁺ macrophage in skeletal muscle, compared with high protein supplemented condition. Significant gain in muscle mass after 12 weeks of training occurred only under high protein supplemented condition. Conclusion: Rapid senescent cell clearance of human skeletal muscle during resistance exercise seems to associate with enhanced in situ phagocytosis. High protein availability accelerates resolution of muscle inflammation and promotes muscle increment after training.