Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 9 pp 3549—3571

Exosomal miR-663b from “M1” macrophages promotes pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction through inhibiting the AMPK/Sirt1 axis

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Figure 2. miR-663b overexpression facilitated PASMC dysfunctions. (A) PASMCs were transfected along with miR-NC, miR-663b mimics, miR-in, and miR-663b inhibitors, with RT-PCR implemented 48 hours later to confirm miR-663b expression in the transfected cells. (B) CCK8 assay was utilized for examining cell proliferation. (C) RT-PCR checked the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in PASMCs. (DF) Cell immunofluorescence and colorimetry determined the levels of ROS (D), MDA (E), and 4-HNE (F) in PASMCs. (G, H) Western blot revealed the profiles of inflammation-concerned proteins iNOS and COX2 and oxidative stress-correlated proteins Nrf2, HO-1 and Trx-1 in PASMCs. (I) Transwell monitored PASMC migration. N = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (vs. miR-NC); NS P > 0.05, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 (vs. miR-in-NC).