Figure 1. Flowchart of the study procedure. A total of 1705 patients aged ≥80 years were diagnosed with AF. Ultimately, 1092 patients with NVAF (Xa-I group, n = 513; non-Xa-I group, n = 579) were included in this study as the total original cohort. After propensity score matching, 445 patients were extracted from both groups. AF, atrial fibrillation; NVAF, nonvalvular AF; Xa-I, Factor Xa inhibitor.