Research Paper Advance Articles
The aspartate superpathway in gut microbiota-related metabolic pathways mediates immune cell protection against COPD and IPF: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Figure 1. The experimental design of this study. In IPF, the indirect effect = a×b, and the direct effect is c’. In COPD, the indirect effect = a’×b’, and the direct effect is c1’. The proportion of the mediating effect is the indirect effect divided by the total effect.