Research Paper Advance Articles
Frailty associates with respiratory exacerbations and mortality in the COPDGene cohort
Figure 2. Adjusted all-cause mortality cumulative incidence curves by frailty category. Adjusted cumulative incidence (fraction) curves for (A) all participants, (B) individuals with GOLD 2–4 COPD, and (C) individuals with normal spirometry. The Cox adjusted Hazard Ratios (AHR) by frailty category (compared to robust group) are shown as: AHR (95% Confidence Interval); p-value. AHR was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking pack-years, FEV1 % predicted, diabetes, and heart disease (any of: coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, angina, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or congestive heart failure).