Research Paper Advance Articles
Frailty associates with respiratory exacerbations and mortality in the COPDGene cohort
Figure 3. Methods. (A) CONSORT Diagram. (B) Frailty Phenotype Assessment. The frailty phenotype was evaluated based on five components: weakness, fatigue, slowness, shrinking, and low activity. Participants with three or more traits present were considered frail, those with one or two present were prefrail, and those without any traits present were classified as robust. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; 6MWD: six-minute walk distance; kg: kilograms; CHS: cardiovascular health study. Created in BioRender. Phillips, E. (2025) https://BioRender.com/6r3agi1 and https://BioRender.com/t42asu1.