Research Paper Advance Articles

The influence of cancer on a forensic age estimation tool

Charlotte Sutter1, , Daniel Helbling2, , Cordula Haas1, , Jacqueline Neubauer1, ,

  • 1 Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
  • 2 Onkozentrum Zurich, Zurich 8038, Switzerland

Received: February 13, 2025       Accepted: July 8, 2025       Published: July 17, 2025      

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206281
How to Cite

Copyright: © 2025 Sutter et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

The use of epigenetic clocks for measuring age acceleration in the field of cancer research has been a common practice for many years. In forensic genetics, DNA methylation can be used to estimate the age of a stain donor. As lifestyle and disease can alter a person’s methylation profile, the accuracy of forensic age estimation tools might decrease compared to the chronological age when estimating a person affected by cancer. In our study, we applied the VISAGE enhanced age estimation tool on blood samples from cancer patients suffering from a variety of cancer entities, including solid and hematologic tumours. A comparison of the age estimation errors between the cancer patients (n = 100) and a healthy control cohort (n = 102) revealed small statistically significant differences and a tendency towards age acceleration in the blood of these patients. Although this study showed that in patients with aggressive cancers (like CLL or AML) estimation accuracy is clearly decreased, for most entities the observed differences were subtle and an analysis of individual CpG sites did not reveal strikingly different methylation patterns. Conclusively, age estimation on blood stains from cancer patients might not result in significantly higher estimation errors, except for very aggressive forms of cancer.

Abbreviations

AML: acute myeloid leukaemia; CLL: chronic lymphatic leukaemia; CpG: 5’-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3’; CT: current treatment; DNAm: DNA methylation; PT: previous treatment; y: years.