Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 13 pp 13128—13146
Long-term low-dose ethanol intake improves healthspan and resists high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Figure 2. Enhanced mitochondrial function in LLE mice. (A) Electron micrographs of liver and gastrocnemius muscle of 32-week-old mice (Scale bar = 2μm). (B–C) Mitochondrial average cross-sectional area of liver and gastrocnemius muscle of 32-week-old mice (n=3 for each group). (D) Quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 32-week-old mice by real-time PCR. (n=3 for each group). (E–H) Basal respiration rate, maximal respiration rate, ATP production, and spare respiration capacity (SRC) of liver and gastrocnemius muscle of 32-week-old mice (n=3 for each group). (I) Total and phosphorylated levels of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in LLE mice liver. (J–K) Western blot analysis and relative quantification of hepatic PGC1a and hepatic SIRT1. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *, P< 0.05, **, P< 0.01, ***, P< 0.001.