Research Paper Volume 13, Issue 2 pp 3060—3079
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of the IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling pathway after ischemic stroke
Figure 3. Treatment with hUMSC-Exos reduces microglial pro-inflammatory activity in vitro. (A) Confocal imaging demonstrating uptake of PKH-26-labeled exosomes (red) by BV2 microglia. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Lower protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hUMSC-Exos treatment group. (C) Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA as detected using qRT-PCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (experiments were performed at least in triplicate). Significant differences are indicated (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).