Research Paper
Pachymic acid ameliorates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by attenuating cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the regulation of the mTOR signal pathway
Figure 1. PA inhibits apoptosis in H/R NMVCs. (A) The chemical structure of PA. (B) Cell viability was detected by MTT. n=6, **P<0.01, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01. (C) TUNEL assay was to detect apoptosis level in H/R induced NMVCs treated with 10 μg/ml PA. Scale bar 20 μm. n=4, **P<0.01, #P<0.05. (D) Calcein-AM/PI staining revealed the live cells and dead cells in NMVCs after H/R. n=4, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, #P<0.05. (E) LDH level was determined in NMVCs. n=4, **P<0.01, #P<0.05. (F) The apoptosis-associated protein level in NMVCs, Cytochrome-c (Cyt-c), Bax, and Bcl2. n=4, *P<0.05, #P<0.05. (G) Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis level in NMVCs. n=4, **P<0.01, #P<0.05.