Research Paper Volume 16, Issue 6 pp 5000—5026

Figure 1. Effect of GNL on body and organ weight. (A) Illustration of the experimental procedure for D-gal and GNL in mice. The first group of animals was given physiological saline solution instead of D-gal (I), and the second group was given D-gal (150 mg/wt) dissolved in normal saline solution (0.9%, w/v) for 9 weeks (II). Animals in the third group of experiments were treated with GNL (40 mg/kg body wt) alone from the second to the 10th week by oral gavage (without anesthesia) with D-gal (150 mg/kg body wt), followed by GNL (40 mg/kg body wt) 4 h later (III). Animals in the fourth group were given GNL from the second week until the end of the experiment (IV). We included six mice from two untreated groups at 4 months (V) and 6 months (IV) of age for analysis of cognitive impairment. This was done to determine whether treatment prevented or reversed the kinetics of cognitive decline. (B) spleen and brain morphology (C) body weight (g), (D) brain weight (g), and (E) spleen weight (mg). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). ^*P < 0.05 vs. control group, ^#P < 0.05 vs. D-gal alone-treated mice. ^@P < 0.05 young vs. old mice.