Figure 6. Relative mRNA expression of circadian genes that are differentially expressed during aging and CR (n = 6 per group). Nr1d1 and Nr1d2 are upregulated in aging but downregulated in CR, while Bmal1, Per2, and Rora display opposite trends. Clock is downregulated in aging. Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Rorc are upregulated in CR. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 between two groups.