Research Paper Advance Articles
Causal relationships between gut microbiome and hundreds of age-related traits: evidence of a replicable effect on ApoM protein levels
Figure 4. Directed causal relationships involving the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii structural variant 577_579, the LACTOSECAT pathway, and plasma proteins. The figure illustrates the causal relationship between the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii structural variant 577_579 and LACTOSECAT pathway, between LACTOSECAT pathway and six plasma proteins and the one between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and the same six plasma proteins. It also shows the lactose and galactose degradation I pathway (horizontal) along with the GalNAc degradation pathway (vertical), with annotated steps detailing the processes involved in GalNAc degradation, as described in Zhernakova et al. (2024). Created in BioRender. Sanna, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o9k1q5m. Abbreviations: ApoM: Apolipoprotein M; DHAP: glycerone phosphate; GalNAc: N-acetylgalactosamine; Gal6P: D-galactopyranose 6-phosphate; GalNAc6P: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate; GalN6P: N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-phosphate; GAP: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; LACTOSECAT pathway: lactose and galactose degradation pathway; Lac6P: lactose 6’-phosphate; T6P: D-tagatofuranose-6-phosphate; TBP: D-tagatofuranose 1,6-biphosphate.