Research Paper Advance Articles

Figure 3. OT+A5i enhances endurance, balance/agility/grip strength and memory of old frail males. (A) Mice were placed on a treadmill at a rate of 8 m/min and the treadmill speed was increased at a rate of 1 m/min every 10 min for a total of 60 min and then was increased at 1 m/min every 5 min until mice shifted toward the rear of the treadmill. (B) The average healthspans of OT+A5i and control mice across the range of treadmill running time thresholds from 0 to 70 minutes. Control n = 12 and OT+A5i n = 14. (C) Mice were placed on a grid and inverted 25 cm over soft bedding. After three trials their average hanging time was calculated. (D) The average healthspans of OT+A5i and control mice across the range of hang test time thresholds from 0 to 100 seconds. The maximum significant threshold = 6.006 seconds and the minimum significant threshold = 0.0 seconds. Control n = 12 and OT+A5i n = 14. (E) In NOR test, mice were first exposed to two identical objects for 10 minutes, followed by a 2-hour rest and exposure to the habituated object and a novel object for another 10 minutes. The discrimination index describes their interaction preferences, with 1 indicating a preference for the novel object and 0 for the habituated object. (F) The average healthspans of OT+A5i and control mice across the range of NOR discrimination index thresholds from 1 to −1. Control and OT+A5i n = 6 each. The maximum significant threshold = −0.341 and the minimum significant frailty index value = −1.0. The black bar is the threshold at which there is a statistically significant difference by log-rank analysis, in (B, D and F).