Research Paper Volume 18 pp 45—59

Causal effects of inflammation on long-term mortality: A mendelian randomization study

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Causal effects of inflammatory biomarkers on all-cause mortality. Forest plot showing that higher IL6R is protective against mortality, whereas higher IL6 is harmful. CRP and GDF-15 are neutral. Abbreviations: IL6R: interleukin-6 receptor; IL6: interleukin-6; CRP: C-reactive protein; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor-15; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.