Figure 3.Strategic investment priorities for the Italian National Health Service. Five medium-term investment priorities are proposed to support a national healthspan agenda within the Italian National Health Service: clinically validated biomarkers of biological age, interoperable digital monitoring platforms, Bayesian adaptive multimodal trials, explainable AI-based risk stratification, and longevity-informed workforce and citizen literacy. These priorities should be interpreted as a staged evaluation agenda rather than as already validated clinical solutions. Their relevance for health-system policy will depend on demonstrated clinical utility, feasibility, equity, cost-effectiveness, and measurable improvements in patient-relevant outcomes.
